Balisage Paper: Semantics and the Web

An Awkward History

Balisage: The Markup Conference 2021
August 2 - 6, 2021

The materials listed below were provided by the speaker as supplements to a presentation at Balisage. These materials may include the slides or visuals used in the presentation; supplementary material, such as code samples or a demonstration application; and/or the paper accompanying the presentation (if it has not been provided in XML). These materials have been zipped for easy download and are identified by a brief description of the contents. The materials themselves are untouched, that is, they have not been tested or edited by Balisage: The Markup Conference or by Mulberry Technologies, Inc. As such, they are included on this website AS IS, i.e., as provided by the speaker, with no warranties, express or otherwise, made by Balisage or Mulberry.

Slides and Materials

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“A Guide to Sharing for Webmasters.” https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters

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Advanced Web Ranking. “The average web page from top twenty Google results.” https://www.advancedwebranking.com/html/

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Al-Awadai, Zahra, Anne Brüggemann-Klein, Michael Conrads, Andreas Eichner and Marouane Sayih. “XML Applications on the Web: Implementation Strategies for the Model Component in a Model-View-Controller Architectural Style.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2017, Washington, DC, August 1 - 4, 2017. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2017. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 19 (2017). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol19.Bruggemann-Klein01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol19/html/Bruggemann-Klein01/BalisageVol19-Bruggemann-Klein01.html

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Altheim, Murray, and McCarron, Shane. XHTML 1.1 - Module Based XML. https://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xhtml11-20010531/

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Beck, Jeff. “The False Security of Closed XML Systems.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2011, Montréal, Canada, August 2 - 5, 2011. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2011. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 7 (2011). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol7.Beck01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol7/html/Beck01/BalisageVol7-Beck01.html

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Beck, Jeffrey. “Transcending structure: Applying shared markup vocabularies with your friends and enemies.” Presented at Symposium on Markup Vocabulary Ecosystems, Washington, DC, July 30, 2018. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Markup Vocabulary Ecosystems. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 22 (2018). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol22.Beck01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol22/html/Beck01/BalisageVol22-Beck01.html

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Berjon, Robin. “Mending Fences and Saving Babies.” Presented at Symposium on HTML5 and XML, Washington, DC, August 4, 2014. In Proceedings of the Symposium on HTML5 and XML. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 14 (2014). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol14.Berjon01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol14/html/Berjon01/BalisageVol14-Berjon01.html

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Berners-Lee, Tim. “World Wide Web.” http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html

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Berners-Lee, Tim. Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the WORLD WIDE WEB by Its Inventor. New York: Harper San Francisco, 1999.

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Berners-Lee, Tim. “Semantic Web - XML 2000- slide 'Architecture'.” http://www.w3.org/2000/Talks/1206-xml2k-tbl/slide10-0.html

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Biezunski, Michel. “Moving sands: Adventures in XML e-book-land.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2012, Montréal, Canada, August 7 - 10, 2012. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2012. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 8 (2012). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol8.Biezunski01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol8/html/Biezunski01/BalisageVol8-Biezunski01.html (XML Islands discarded)

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Borden, Jonathan, and Bray, Tim. “Resource Directory Description Language (RDDL).” http://rddl.org/

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Bosak, Jon, and Bray, Tim. “XML and the Second-Generation Web.” Scientific American, May 1999. Pages 89-93.

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Bray, Tim, Paoli, Jean, and Sperberg-McQueen, Michael. “Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0: W3C Recommendation 10-February-1998.” https://www.xml.com/axml/

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Brüggemann-Klein, Anne, Jose Tomas Robles Hahn and Marouane Sayih. “Leveraging XML Technology for Web Applications.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2012, Montréal, Canada, August 7 - 10, 2012. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2012. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 8 (2012). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol8.Bruggemann-Klein01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol8/html/Bruggemann-Klein01/BalisageVol8-Bruggemann-Klein01.html

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Burnard, Lou, and Sperberg-McQueen, C. Michael. “TEI Pizza Chef.” http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/P4/pizza.html

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Carpenter, Todd. “Moving toward common vocabularies and interoperable data.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2016, Washington, DC, August 2 - 5, 2016. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2016. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 17 (2016). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol17.Carpenter01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol17/html/Carpenter01/BalisageVol17-Carpenter01.html (dull gray sea of featureless HTML5)

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Clark, Kendall Grant. “Look Ma, No Tags.” https://www.xml.com/pub/a/2002/07/24/yaml.html

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Coldewey, Devin. “Docugami's new model for understanding documents cuts its teeth on NASA archives.” https://techcrunch.com/2021/04/12/docugamis-new-model-for-understanding-documents-cuts-its-teeth-on-nasa-archives/

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Connolly, Dan, et al. “The Evolution of Web Documents: The Ascent of XML,” in XML: Principles, Tools, and Techniques. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media, 1997. http://www.xml.com/pub/a/w3j/s3.connolly.html

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Coombs, James H., Allen H. Renear and Steven J. DeRose. “Markup systems and the future of scholarly text processing.” Communications of the ACM, 30(11):933–947, 1987. doi:https://doi.org/10.1145/32206.32209. http://www.fdi.ucm.es/profesor/jlsierra/e-learning/primera-sesion/MarkupSystems.pdf

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Cooney, Dominic, and Glazkov, Dmitri. Introduction to Web Components. http://www.w3.org/TR/components-intro/

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Crockford, Douglas. “Introducing JSON.” http://www.json.org/

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Denicola, Domenic. “Non-Extensible Markup Language.” Presented at Symposium on HTML5 and XML, Washington, DC, August 4, 2014. In Proceedings of the Symposium on HTML5 and XML. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 14 (2014). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol14.Denicola01. http://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol14/html/Denicola01/BalisageVol14-Denicola01.html

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DeRose, Steven and Durand, David. Making Hypermedia Work: A User's Guide to HyTime. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994.

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DeRose, Steven J. “Dynamic Style: Implementing Hypertext through Embedding Javascript in CSS.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2018, Washington, DC, July 31 - August 3, 2018. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2018. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 21 (2018). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol21.DeRose01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol21/html/DeRose01/BalisageVol21-DeRose01.html

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Dodds, Leigh. “Doing It Simpler.” https://www.xml.com/pub/a/2001/08/01/simpler.html

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Dublin Core Metadata Initiative. “DCMI Specifications.” http://dublincore.org/specifications/

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DuVander, Adam. “Leading APIs Say 'Bye XML' in New Versions.” https://www.programmableweb.com/news/leading-apis-say-bye-xml-new-versions/2012/12/17

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Ensign, Chet. SGML: The Billion-Dollar Secret. Boston: Pearson, 1997.

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Extensible Web Manifesto. http://extensiblewebmanifesto.org/

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Flynn, Peter. “Why writers don't use XML: The usability of editing software for structured documents.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2009, Montréal, Canada, August 11 - 14, 2009. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2009. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 3 (2009). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol3.Flynn01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol3/html/Flynn01/BalisageVol3-Flynn01.html

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Goldfarb, Charles. The SGML Handbook. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.

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Goodner, Marc. “Is JSON the worst format ever?” https://twitter.com/robotdad/status/1390375568017813505

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Graham, Ian S. The HTML Sourcebook. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1995.

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Hicks, Tony. “Should we be using ISO 12083.” Journal of Electronic Publishing, Volume 3, Issue 4. doi:https://doi.org/10.3998/3336451.0003.407.

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“History of the Web Standards Project.” https://www.webstandards.org/about/history/index.html

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Hook, Anselm. “Orbital Web Browser.” https://orbitalweb.github.io/

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Hopgood, Bob. “History of the Web.” https://www.w3.org/2012/08/history-of-the-web/origins.htm

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HTML, CSS, & JS Cleaner. “Replace HTML Tables with <div>s.” https://html-cleaner.com/features/replace-html-table-tags-with-divs/

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ISO/IEC 19757 - DSDL. “Document Schema Definition Languages.” http://dsdl.org/

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Jelliffe, Rick. “XML's Dialect Problem: Diversity is not the problem; it is the requirement.” https://web.archive.org/web/20130703024142/http://broadcast.oreilly.com/2012/03/xmls-dialect-problem.html

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Jia, Xueyuan. “XSLT and XML Query Working Groups now closed.” https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-xsl-wg/2018Oct/0000.html

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“JSON: The Fat-Free Alternative to XML.” http://www.json.org/xml.html

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Katz, Yehuda. “Extend the Web Forward.” http://yehudakatz.com/2013/05/21/extend-the-web-forward/

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Koch, Peter Paul. “Validating a Custom DTD.” https://alistapart.com/article/customdtd/

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La Quey, Robert E. “SML: Simplifying XML.” https://www.xml.com/pub/a/1999/11/sml/

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Levine, Matthew. “In Search of the Holy Grail.” https://alistapart.com/article/holygrail/

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Marcotte, Ethan. “Where Our Standards Went Wrong.” https://alistapart.com/article/whereourstandardswentwrong/

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Mason, James David. “Do we really want to see markup?” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2019, Washington, DC, July 30 - August 2, 2019. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2019. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 23 (2019). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol23.Mason01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol23/html/Mason01/BalisageVol23-Mason01.html (visible markup)

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McDermott, Megan. “Divitis: What it is and how to avoid it (Updated!)” http://www.apaddedcell.com/div-itis-what-it-and-how-avoid-it

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Megginson, David. “XML Architectural Forms.” http://www.megginson.com/XAF

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Meiert, Jens Oliver, Rosu, Catalin, and Devlin, Ian. “Markup.” https://almanac.httparchive.org/en/2020/markup

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Meyer, Eric. “CSS Tools: Reset CSS.” https://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/css/reset/

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Miłowski, R. Alexander. “XML in the Browser: the Next Decade.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2009, Montréal, Canada, August 11 - 14, 2009. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2009. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 3 (2009). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol3.Milowski01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol3/html/Milowski01/BalisageVol3-Milowski01.html

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Miłowski, R. Alexander and Walsh, Norm. “How to survive the coming namespace winter.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2014, Washington, DC, August 5 - 8, 2014. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2014. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 13 (2014). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol13.Milowski01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol13/html/Milowski01/BalisageVol13-Milowski01.html

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Nelson, Ted. “Embedded Markup Considered Harmful,” in XML: Principles, Tools, and Techniques. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media, 1997. http://www.xml.com/pub/a/w3j/s3.connolly.html

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Patterson, Matt. “Where did all the markup kids go? Open-source, markup, and the casual developer.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2013, Montréal, Canada, August 6 - 9, 2013. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2013. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 10 (2013). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol10.Patterson01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol10/html/Patterson01/BalisageVol10-Patterson01.html (open source shrinkage)

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Piez, Wendell. “How to Play XML: Markup Technologies as Nomic Game.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2009, Montréal, Canada, August 11 - 14, 2009. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2009. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 3 (2009). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol3.Piez01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol3/html/Piez01/BalisageVol3-Piez01.html

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Quin, Liam R. E. “Characterizing ill-formed XML on the web: An analysis of the Amsterdam Corpus by document type.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2012, Montréal, Canada, August 7 - 10, 2012. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2012. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 8 (2012). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol8.Quin01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol8/html/Quin01/BalisageVol8-Quin01.html (Amsterdam corpus of XML)

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Roselli, Adrian. “Be Wary of doc-subtitle.” https://adrianroselli.com/2020/08/be-wary-of-doc-subtitle.html

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Rosu, Catalin. “The Average Web Page (Data from Analyzing 8 Million Websites).” https://css-tricks.com/average-web-page-data-analyzing-8-million-websites/

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Usdin, B. Tommie. “The semantics of “semantic”.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2013, Montréal, Canada, August 6 - 9, 2013. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2013. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 10 (2013). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol10.Usdin01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol10/html/Usdin01/BalisageVol10-Usdin01.html

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Usdin, B. Tommie. “Explicit markup: a fool’s errand or the next big thing?” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2019, Washington, DC, July 30 - August 2, 2019. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2019. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 23 (2019). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol23.Usdin01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol23/html/Usdin01/BalisageVol23-Usdin01.html

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Walsh, Norman. “Marking up and marking down.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2016, Washington, DC, August 2 - 5, 2016. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2016. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 17 (2016). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol17.Walsh01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol17/html/Walsh01/BalisageVol17-Walsh01.html (ABSOLUTELY)

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Author's keywords for this paper:
Markup; GML; SGML; XML; HTML; JSON; YAML