Balisage Paper: SGF - An integrated model for multiple annotations and its application in a linguistic domain

Balisage: The Markup Conference 2008
August 12 - 15, 2008

The materials listed below were provided by the speaker as supplements to a presentation at Balisage. These materials may include the slides or visuals used in the presentation; supplementary material, such as code samples or a demonstration application; and/or the paper accompanying the presentation (if it has not been provided in XML). These materials have been zipped for easy download and are identified by a brief description of the contents. The materials themselves are untouched, that is, they have not been tested or edited by Balisage: The Markup Conference or by Mulberry Technologies, Inc. As such, they are included on this website AS IS, i.e., as provided by the speaker, with no warranties, express or otherwise, made by Balisage or Mulberry.

Slides and Materials

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Alink, W., Bhoedjang, R., de Vries, A. P., and Boncz, P. A. Efficient XQuery Support for Stand-Off Annotation. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on XQuery Implementation, Experience and Perspectives, in cooperation with ACM SIGMOD, Chicago, USA, 2006.

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Alink, W., Jijkoun, V., Ahn, D., and de Rijke, M. Representing and Querying Multi-dimensional Markup for Question Answering. In: Proceedings of the 5th EACL Workshop on NLP and XML (NLPXML-2006): Multi-Dimensional Markup in Natural Language Processing}, Trento, 2006.

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Bayerl, P. S., Lüngen, H., Goecke, D., Witt, A. and Naber, D. Methods for the semantic analysis of document markup. In: Roisin, C.; Muson, E. and Vanoirbeek, C. (ed.), Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Symposium on Document Engineering (DocEng), Grenoble, pages 161-170, 2003.

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Bird, S. and Liberman, M.Annotation graphs as a framework for multidimensional linguistic data analysis. In: Proceedings of the Workshop "Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging", pages 1–10. Association for Computational Linguistics, 1999.

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Bird, S., Day, D., Garofolo, J., Henderson,J., Laprun, C. and Liberman,M. ATLAS: A flexible and extensible architecture for linguistic annotation. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, pages 1699–1706, Paris, 2000. European Language Resources Association.

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Bird, S. and Liberman, M. A formal framework for linguistic annotation. Speech Communication, 33(1–2): pages 23–60, 2001. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6393(00)00068-6.

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Bird, S., Chen, Y., Davidson, S., Lee, H. and Zheng,Y.  Designing and Evaluating an XPath Dialect for Linguistic Queries. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE), Atlanta, USA., 2006

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Carletta, J., Kilgour, J., O’Donnel, T. J., Evert, S. and Voormann, H. The NITE Object Model Library for Handling Structured Linguistic Annotation on Multimodal Data Sets. In: Proceedings of the EACL Workshop on Language Technology and the Semantic Web (3rd Workshop on NLP and XML (NLPXML-2003)), Budapest, Ungarn, 2003.

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Clark, H. (1977). Bridging. In: Johnson-Laird, P.N. and Wason, P.C. (eds.): Thinking: Readings in Cognitive Science. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1977, S. 411 - 420.

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J. Cowan, J. Tennison, and Piez, W. LMNL update. In: Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages, Montréal, Québec, 2006.

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DeRose, S., Maler, E. and Orchard, D. XML Linking Language (XLink) Version 1.0. W3C Recommendation, World Wide Web Consortium, June 2001. Online: http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xlink-20010627/.

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DeRose, S. J. Markup Overlap: A Review and a Horse. In: Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages, 2004.

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Diewald, N., Stührenberg, M., Garbar, A. and Goecke, D. Serengeti -- Webbasierte Annotation semantischer Relationen. To appear in LDV Forum - Zeitschrift für Computerlinguistik und Sprachtechnologie.

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Dipper, S. XML-based stand-off representation and exploitation of multi-level linguistic annotation. In: Proceedings of Berliner XML Tage 2005 (BXML 2005), pages 39–50, Berlin, Deutschland, 2005.

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Dipper, S., Götze, M., Küssner, U. and Stede, M. Representing and Querying Standoff XML. In: Rehm, G., Witt, A. and Lemnitzer, L. editors, Datenstrukturen für linguistische Ressourcen und ihre Anwendungen. Data Structures for Linguistic Resources and Applications. Proceedings of the Biennial GLDV Conference 2007, pages 337–346, Tübingen, 2007. Gunter Narr Verlag.

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Durusau, P. and O'Donnell, M.B.. Concurrent Markup for XML Documents. In: Proceedings of the XML Europe conference 2002.

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Fellbaum, C. WordNet: An electronic lexical database. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1998.

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Gleim, R., Mehler, A. and Eikmeyer, H.-J. Representing and Maintaining Large Corpora. In: Proceedings of the Corpus Linguistics 2007 Conference, Birmingham (UK), 2007.

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Goecke, D. and Witt, A. Exploiting Logical Document Structure for Anaphora Resolution. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2006). Genoa, Italy, 2006.

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Goecke, D., Stührenberg, M. and Wandmacher, T. Extraction and representation of semantic relations for resolving definite descriptions. To appear in LDV Forum - Zeitschrift für Computerlinguistik und Sprachtechnologie.

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Goecke, D., Lüngen, H., Metzing, D., Stührenberg, M. and Witt, A. Different Views on Markup. Distinguishing levels and layers. In: Linguistic modeling of information and Markup Languages. Contributions to language technology. Springer, 2008.

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Grosso, P., Maler, E., Marsh, J. and Walsh, N. XPointer Framework. W3C Recommendation, World Wide Web Consortium, March 2003. Online: http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-xptr-framework-20030325/.

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Hamp, B. and Feldweg, H. GermaNet - a Lexical-Semantic Net for German. In: Proceedings of ACL workshop "Automatic Information Extraction and Building of Lexical Semantic Resources for NLP Applications", pages 9–15, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1997. Association for Computational Linguistics.

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Hilbert, M. MuLaX – ein Modell zur Verarbeitung mehrfach XML-strukturierter Daten. Diploma thesis, Bielefeld University, 2005.

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M. Hilbert, O. Schonefeld, and A. Witt. Making CONCUR work. In: Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages, 2005.

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Holt, R., Schürr, A., Elliott Sim, S and Winter, A. GXL: A graph-based standard exchange format for reengineering. In: Science of Computer Programming, 60(2): 149-170, 2006. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2005.10.003.

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Huitfeldt, C. and Sperberg-McQueen, C.M. Texmecs: An experimental markup meta-language for complex documents. Markup Languages and Complex Documents (MLCD) Project, Februar 2001.

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Ide, N. and Romary, L. International Standard for a Linguistic Annotation Framework. Journal of Natural Language Engineering, 10(3-4): pages 211-225, 2004. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S135132490400350X.

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Ide, N. and Romary, L. Towards International Standards for Language Resources. In: Dybkjaer, L., Hemsen, H., and Minker, W., editors, Evaluation of Text and Speech Systems, pages 263--284. Springer.

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Ide, N. and Suderman, K. GrAF: A Graph-based Format for Linguistic Annotations. In: Proceedings of the Linguistic Annotation Workshop, pages 1-8, Prague, Czech Republic. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2007.

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Laprun, C., Fiscus, J. G., Garofolo, J. and Pajot, S. Recent improvements to the ATLAS architecture. In: Proceedings of HLT 2002, Second International Conference on Human Language Technology Research, 2002.

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ISO/IEC 19757-2:2003. Information technology – Document Schema Definition Language (DSDL) – Part 2: Regular-grammar-based validation – RELAX NG (ISO/IEC 19757-2). International Standard, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 2003.

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ISO/IEC 19757-3:2006. Information technology – Document Schema Definition Language (DSDL) – Part 3: Rule-based validation – Schematron. International standard, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 2006.

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Jagadish, H. V., Lakshmanany, L. V. S., Scannapieco, M., Srivastava, D. and Wiwatwattana, N. Colorful XML: One hierarchy isn’t enough. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD 2004), pages 251–262, Paris, June 13-18 2004. ACM Press New York, NY, USA.

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M. Kay. XSLT 2.0 and XPath 2.0 Programmer’s Reference. Wiley Publishing, Indianapolis, 4th edition, 2008.

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Le Maitre, J. Describing multistructured XML documents by means of delay nodes. In: DocEng ’06: Proceedings of the 2006 ACM symposium on Document engineering, pages 155–164, New York, NY, USA, 2006. ACM Press.

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Mitkov, R. Anaphora resolution. London: Longman, 2002

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Poesio, M. and Kruschwitz, U. Anawiki: Creating anaphorically annotated resources through web cooperation. In: Proceedings of LREC 2008.

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Polanyi, L. A formal model of the structure of discourse. In: Journal of Pragmatics 12 (1988), pages 601-638. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(88)90050-1.

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E. Robertson. Combining Schematron with other XML Schema languages, Juni 2002. Online: http://www.topologi.com/public/Schtrn_XSD/Paper.html.

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O. Schonefeld. XCONCUR and XCONCUR-CL: A constraint-based approach for the validation of concurrent markup. In: Rehm, G., Witt, A., Lemnitzer, L. (eds.), Datenstrukturen für linguistische Ressourcen und ihre Anwendungen. Data Structures for Linguistic Resources and Applications. Proceedings of the Biennial GLDV Conference 2007, Tübingen, Germany, 2007. Gunter Narr Verlag.

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Soon, W.M., Lim, D.C.Y. and Ng, H.T. (2001). A Machine Learning Approach to Coreference Resolution of Noun Phrases. In: Computational Linguistics 27 (2001), No. 4, pages 521-544.

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G. Simons and S. Bird. OLAC Metadata. OLAC: Open Language Archives Community, 2003. Online: http://www.language-archives.org/OLAC/metadata.html.

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Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., Huitfeldt, C. and Renear, A.. Meaning and Interpretation of markup. Markup Languages - Theory & Practice, 2, pages 215-234, 2000. doi:https://doi.org/10.1162/109966200750363599.

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Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., Dubin, D., Huitfeldt, C. and Renear, A. Drawing inferences on the basis of markup. In: Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages, 2002.

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C. Sperberg-McQueen, C. M. and Burnard, L. (eds.). TEI P4: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange. published for the TEI Consortium by Humanities Computing Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, Providence, Charlottesville, Bergen, 2002.

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Sperberg-McQueen, C. M. and Huitfeldt, C. GODDAG: A Data Structure for Overlapping Hierarchies. In: King, P. and Munson, E. V. (eds.), Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on the Principles of Digital Document Processing (PODDP 2000), volume 2023 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 139–160. Springer, 2004.

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Strube, M. and Müller, C. (2003). A machine learning approach to pronoun resolution in spoken dialogue. In: ACL '03: Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics. Morristown, NJ, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2003, pages 168-175.

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Stührenberg, M., Goecke, D, Diewald, N., Cramer, I. and Mehler, A. Web-based annotation of anaphoric relations and lexical chains. In: Proceedings of the Linguistic Annotation Workshop (LAW), pages 140–147, Prague. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2007

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Tennison, J. Layered Markup and Annotation Language (LMNL). In: Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages, Montréal, Québec, 2002.

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Thompson, H. S. and D. McKelvie. Hyperlink semantics for standoff markup of read-only documents. In: Proceedings of SGML Europe ’97: The next decade – Pushing the Envelope, pages 227–229, Barcelona, 1997.

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Waltinger, U., Mehler, A. Mehler, and Stührenberg, M. An Integrated Model of Lexical Chaining: Application, Resources and its Format. Accepted for Proceedings of Konvens 2008.

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Witt, A. Meaning and interpretation of concurrent markup. In: Proceedings of ALLC-ACH2002, Joint Conference of the ALLC and ACH, 2002.

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Witt, A. Multiple hierarchies: New Aspects of an Old Solution. In: Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages, 2004.

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Witt, A., Goecke, D., Sasaki, F., and Lüngen, H. Unification of XML Documents with Concurrent Markup. Literary and Lingustic Computing, 20(1): pages 103-116, 2005. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqh046.

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Witt, A., Schonefeld, O., Rehm, G., Khoo, J. and Evang, K. On the lossless transformation of single-file, multi-layer annotations into multi-rooted trees. In: Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages, Montréal, Québec, 2007.

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XML Schema Part 1: Structures Second Edition. W3C Recommendation, World Wide Web Consortium, 28 October 2004. Online: http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-1-20041028/.

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XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition. W3C Recommendation, World Wide Web Consortium, 28 October 2004. Online: http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-2-20041028/.

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W3C XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 1: Structures. W3C Working Draft, World Wide Web Consortium, 20 June 2008. Online: http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-xmlschema11-1-20080620/.

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Yang, X., Su, J., Zhou, G. and Tan, C. L. (2004). Improving pronoun resolution by incorporating coreferential information of candidates. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL04). Barcelona, Spain, 2004.